Revelation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Manual Aesthetics and Techniques Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Manual Esthetics and Techniques Answer: Advantages of back rub in body conditions In this unique situation, the advantages of back rub treatment have been distinguished to give help in a portion of the oppressed physiological conditions. The current investigation centers around the significance of manual feel in the treatment of long haul conditions. For the current investigation, various body conditions have been engaged upon, for example, oedema, the solidness of the joint and hormonal uneven characters. There are various advantages of the back rub treatment for the administration of the overarching conditions. In this manner, a standard message of the difficult zones of the body by an authorized advisor can help in improving versatility in individuals with the solidness of joints. As attested by Parikh et al. (2017), rub treatment has appeared to deliver an opposing impact by bringing down the creation of stress hormones, for example, cortisol. Also, the concerned treatment has been believed to diminish the union of the synapse substance P related with an impression of agony in the body. Information assembled from research and tests have stated that various neurohormones, for example, dopamine and serotonin are discharged into the body as advantages of the back rub (Bervoets et al. 2015). Impact of a condition on the homeostasis of the body Hormones are concoction errand people made out of polypeptide chains orchestrated by the endocrine organs. They have a far reaching method of activity and produce consequences for an organ removed from the site of blend. In this manner, the digestion of the human body is needy upon hormonal guideline. Accordingly, the divergence in ideal degrees of hormone combination can influence the homeostasis of the body (Bervoets et al. 2015). This condition is regularly known as homeostatic unevenness and can influence a wide scope of conditions, for example, diabetes, drying out, irregular height or smaller people. For instance, the and the cells of the pancreas orchestrate insulin and Glucagon individually. The hormones have been known to keep up the volume of sugar in the body by covering the overabundance Glucose into Glycogen and the other way around. As remarked by Park et al. (2017), plenitude in glucose focus can result in glycemic stuns frequently bringing about a state of insensibility in hardly any cases. Need of a clinical freedom The contraindications for hormonal uneven characters may fluctuate from individual to individual contingent upon the kind of side effects delivered. With regards to diabetes, a lopsidedness is created between the degrees of insulin and glucagon. The condition is known as hyperglycemia and can deliver a scope of clinical conditions in the patient. A portion of these incorporate weariness, the continuous need of pee, glycemic stuns, expanded degrees of palpitations and uneasiness in the patient alongside deferred recuperating of wounds (Barreto Batista, 2017). Remedial measure for development of the body condition In this regard, the Swedish back rub framework could be utilized for the scope of tasteful advantages that it provides.The Swedish back rub developments can be partitioned into the accompanying three sorts, for example, Effleurage, where floating back rub methods are applied covering various pieces of the body. This further encourages the procedure of blood dissemination driving harmful substances to the lymphatic channels. Petrissage is where the muscles of the body are manipulated to create unwinding by discharging serotonin. Cadenced tapping to improve blood flow can be utilized to give alleviation in upsetting conditions by producing more epinephrine in the blood. The epinephrine assumes a significant job in directing the homeostatic state of the body. Epinephrine assumes an essential job in controlling the degree of blood glucose level. It instigates the arrival of more glucose into the circulation system by changing over the put away glycogen into glucose. As remarked by Park et al. (2017), such conditions set up the body to adapt up to crises. The treatment is helpful for the treatment of diabetes related auxiliary impacts, for example, Rheumatoid joint pain because of tissue putrefaction. Additionally, the strategy can likewise be useful in the treatment of hypoglycemic conditions where blood glucose level falls beneath the typical. Be that as it may, as contended by Field (2016), individuals with Type I diabetes may think that its hard to change over the overabundance glucose back to glycogen. As proposed by Field (2016), the Swedish back rub treatments have seen to diminish the degrees of vasopressin and arginine in the blood. Correspondingly, the hormones have been found to diminish the degrees of incendiary cytokines in the blood alongside cortisol. Structuring of an appropriate treatment plan A viable treatment plan should be intended for treatment of physiological issue. Along these lines, hormonal irregularity is frequently incessant in nature and may range for a lifetime. In this manner, hostile to diabetic drugs alongside legitimate rest and care can help in controlling raised blood glucose levels. In addition, light activities, for example, lively strolling taken all the time can forestall heart infirmities, which are frequently optional hazard related with diabetics. Game plan: Method of treatment Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Restorative treatment Light exercise and change in diet Assessment and development Table 1: Gantt diagram (Source: Learner) Investigation: For acquiring positive outcomes, the patients experiencing hormonal uneven characters were made to experience an a month treatment. In the first week, the patients were primarily put on beneficial hormone treatment. They were made to experience a 14 days medication follow up to alleviate the side effects related with interminable metabolic issue. For the following fourteen days, the patients were put under light activities and nutrient rich eating regimens. The activities helped in controlling the abnormalities in the degree of glucose support. The patients accepting the medicines were put under screening system in the fourth week. The experts and the cons of the strategies were additionally broke down to choose the future strategy. References Barreto, D. M., Batista, M. V. A. (2017). Swedish Massage: A Systematic Review of its Physical and Psychological Benefits.Advances as a top priority body medicine,31(2), 16. Bervoets, D. C., Luijsterburg, P. An., Alessie, J. J., Buijs, M. J., Verhagen, A. P. (2015). Back rub treatment has momentary advantages for individuals with basic musculoskeletal issue contrasted with no treatment: an orderly review.Journal of Physiotherapy,61(3), 106-116. Field, T. (2016). Back rub treatment inquire about review.Complementary treatments in clinical practice,24, 19-31. Parikh, S. S., Shepelyak, Y., Cuccurullo, S. (2017). Elective Medicine for the Treatment of Pain in the Rehabilitation Patient. InComprehensive Pain Management in the Rehabilitation Patient(pp. 617-626). Springer International Publishing. Park, J., Shim, J., Kim, S., Namgung, S., Ku, I., Cho, M., ... Roh, H. (2017). Use of back rub for lower leg joint adaptability and balance.Journal of Physical Therapy Science,29(5), 789-792.

Nursing Interview Questions and Best Answers

Nursing Interview Questions and Best Answers Working in health care requires a special kind of person. Someone who cares, who is in touch with their emotions, but also in control of them. Someone who can stay level-headed during difficult situations. You will inevitably receive some questions about how you chose being a nurse as a career for you. And those are the most important questions to ace during your interview for a new job. And since there are so many reasons that could go into your decision, your answer could go in one of many, many ways. When you choose how to answer, make sure you incorporate both the motives that came from the inside (what drove you to healthcare) and the personal qualities you have that will make you an outstanding healthcare specialist. You want to show the two sides â€" why you want to, and why the profession needs you. Don’t try to learn your response by heart, but in your preparation process, feel free to write down a couple key points that you want to go through. Start with pros and cons you see in the profession and in your character. Draw the Venn diagram between your qualities and the qualities of a great nurse. Write down sample answers. Then go editorial. And score them â€" how true the response is to what you believe in; how impressive the response will be to the interviewer; how easy those will be to speak about during the live interview.If you are out of ideas or you feel you will miss something, check this article for some good ideas for responses that will impress your new boss.Enjoy. WHY DID YOU BECOME A NURSE?Whenever you are answering this question, you need to keep in mind that what your future employer wants to hear from you is that you are dedicated. ‘I always knew I wanted to do something exciting. Something that could require a lot from me, but also give me a lot of experience back. Being a nurse is that â€" I am read to give it my all every day, because I know I could be the person that will change a life â€" someone that will contribute to a bette r life for someone else, even for a day. In this job, you do a lot. Your work is not exhausted by the tasks you have to perform for your patients. You become a part of their life and they trust you. And I think I am worthy of that trust.’‘When you care for a patient it is not just them that you work with. Behind every patient there is a family, and friends, and a loved one, that trust you to provide them with the best care. Fulfilling that role for them gives me the sense of purpose.’‘I come from a family of health care specialists. Ever since I was a child, I was well aware of the satisfaction the job can give you for all the efforts you put in. I wanted to be a nurse from a very early point in my life. Because I knew I was the right fit â€" I wanted and was ready for that dedication very early on.’‘Originally I was not sure I was cut out for it. Before stepping into nursing school I definitely had my doubts whether that will be the best profession for me and if I will be the best caretaker that patients need. But when I did go to school and took my first real steps towards becoming a nurse, I noticed I was becoming more and more excited for it. I love being there for the patients and their family. I love communicating with them and believe I am good at it â€" to both provide the care and provide the information that will calm them down and help them feel more content and comfortable in a not-so-easy situation.’‘The world is changing. So many people’s jobs are being changed or taken over by new technology. Part of what I love about being a health care specialist is that the world will never run out of those. A nurse will always be needed. And I am so happy to be a part of the medical community. And it is a great career path for me. I have already had the chance to work in several different environments, I have worked with very respectable and aspiring specialists and I enjoy this line of work a lot. I am very grateful to be able to develop m yself in a field where so many great people are employed, and I will have the chance to work with them to help patients who need us.’‘One of the reasons why I love nursing as a career is because I love staying on top of new things. As a nurse, I am always ready to keep up with current trends in the medical field. Those are very interesting to me. I am always excited for new training so that I am ready to provide the best care to the people who rely on me. Daily, as a nurse, I am learning a lot from my patients, my colleagues, and from the job. They inspire me to learn about and explore new options.’‘Being a nurse is not just a job. I could never work in an office. I believe this is my calling. I have always been enthusiastic about science. And I am happy to be able to combine that interest with the desire to help people who need me.’‘Originally I became interested in nursing when volunteered to help the elderly at a very young age. I am happy to spend time with different people with different lives â€" my life feels fuller now.’‘When I originally became a health care specialist, I surely didn’t comprehend many of the aspects of the nursing career. All I started on was my love for science and helping people. Today I know a lot more about the profession and I am absolutely certain it is not just a calling for me, it is also the career that I want for myself. And I am very happy being on my way.’Remember being a nurse is more than just talking the talk on your interview. And there is more to proving you are a good fit than words. Make sure you are dressed accordingly, that you know everything there is to be about the position and the facility you will be working in. Come prepared. Do some preliminary research. Read the job offer over and over. Get on the website of the facility. Try to get some info about who will be interviewing you and what is their general character. Watch this video to get inspired about the possibility of being a nurse: W HAT IS MOST CHALLENGING FOR YOU ON THE JOB?Whenever you are answering this question, you need to keep in mind that what your future employer wants to hear from you is that you are able to improve yourself.During an interview, you always want to put your best foot forward. It is easy to answer a question about your strengths as a nurse, but the weaknesses question is always tricky. How do you answer in a way that will still give you the best chance to land the job?‘I am very dedicated. It often happens that I get too invested in the patient’s live. I feel it my duty to provide the same care for them as I would to my own family. I feel responsible to assure the other nurses who take over after my shift have the same dedication to the patient so they never feel like they are alone or uncomfortable.’‘One of the most difficult parts about this job is when I see a patient suffering. When they are scared about their condition, or in pain, or uncomfortable, I feel for them very much . I try to compensate for that by keeping open communication with the physician to make sure the patient is fully informed about their circumstances. Because the patient is feeling uncomfortable, communication sometimes gets tense. I try to be there to relieve that tension and make sure the dialogue is happening.’‘I don’t like thinking of anything as a weakness. I love looking at it as a challenge to be overcome. That is when I feel at the top of my game â€" instead of coming to terms with my faults, I put a target on them as a point to work on. One of those things is communication. That could be challenging. For example it has happened before that a patient insists on speaking to the doctor instead of taking me for my word about their condition. The doctors’ time is limited. So the way I learned to deal with this challenge is to get a family member on my side and get their support when I exchange information with the patient.‘‘Originally, my greatest weakness was workin g in shifts. Those were exhausting. However, now, I have overcome that to a great extent. Part of it is that I learned to shift my routine around it. Another part is that my children were younger back then. It is a more relaxed environment at home now. I am not sure I am already completely okay with rotating shifts, but I will also trust you as the employer to create a sensible schedule which is easy to follow. And I, on my side, will be flexible with taking over for someone if needed. After all it comes with the job, and I love this job.’HOW DO YOU FIT IN A TEAM?Whenever you are answering this question, you need to keep in mind that what your future employer wants to hear from that you are an independent worker, but you are also a team player. ‘I believe before working in a team you have to be content working by yourself. And I am completely confident to work alone. Adding a team then is always a change for the better.’‘A patient with a health issue will take whatever effor t could be spared. And that is why it is always a joint effort to work in a health facility. My role is usually to try and make the most valuable contribution I can.’‘I have the experience to work alone because of my work as an in-home nurse. However, it will be an interesting change to interact with others in my job. Besides, I always find spending more time with like-minded, dedicated people to be inspiring and energizing.’HOW DO YOU WORK WITH DIFFICULT PATIENTS?Whenever you are answering this question, you need to keep in mind that what your future employer wants to hear from you is that you are patient. ‘My first thought would be about their condition. If they are on the edge it is possible their pain level is high. I would consult with the physician to make sure that the their pain is being kept under control.’‘I would speak to the patient and ask them if they feel everything possible was being done in order for them to feel comfort.’‘I would try to put myself i n their shoes â€" listen to complaint open-mindedly then, and tell them we are always doing everything in our powers to make them feel better.’WHO ARE YOU TO YOUR PATIENTS?Whenever you are answering this question, you need to keep in mind that what your future employer wants to hear from you that you care about every single individual. ‘My patients are confident they receive the very best care.’ ‘I will contribute to the team efforts raising the confidence of the patients in us and their trust.’‘I make sure my patients believe that I am there to listen, to give them comfort and contribute to improving their condition.’WHAT ARE YOUR CHALLENGING EXPERIENCES WITH THE FAMILY?Whenever you are answering this question, you need to keep in mind that what your future employer wants to hear from you is that you are careful, considerate and experienced with heavy emotions. ‘I have been in situations with a family where we had issues with poor communication. The key is to listen more than you talk.’‘Sometimes there will be a family member who isnt happy my care of the patient, the truth is they just proof you are doing the best you could because they are worried.’‘My worst experiences have been with a family that wasn’t following our instructions about how to care for the patient after they came home from the hospital. We came up with a plan to exhaust every option to improve the situation but eventually we had to involve the authorities.’ ‘My colleagues have encountered issues with communicating with a family of foreigners. I myself am bilingual but obviously sometimes it is still an issue. Communication is very important when it comes to healthcare and because of that I always strive to find assistance from someone speaking their language.’ ‘It is difficult when a family has questions you cannot answer. In those cases I try my best to involve a specialist. And comfort them until they become available.’ ‘The talk about passing is nev er easy. Weather expected or unexpected. I try being there for them.’ ‘It is tough when a family member that wants to blame you for the poor health of their loved one or a bad outcome of the treatment. My experience is in those cases we need to stay objective. I talk to them about the chances for a situation to get better or worse.’ ‘I was once put in a situation where a patient did not want their diagnosis to be given to family members. It was a first, so I would add that to the challenges I have encountered. What I did in that case was to consult with the Legal department if their wish could be fulfilled â€" if I could withhold the information. Turns out I could. However, I believed the patient should be open to their family. Two weeks in, I learned they had informed their family.’ Watch this video to gain an interesting perspective of the relationship between nurses, patients and their family: HOW DO YOU HANDLE CONFLICT IN THE TEAM?Whenever you are answering this questi on, you need to keep in mind that what your future employer wants to hear from you is that you will keep an open mind and never make a conflict worse than it is. ‘I wouldn’t say I have often found myself in the middle of conflict. Luckily, I have always worked with specialists are always professional in our work together. If I happened to be involved in a conflict at the workplace, I would bring the question to my superior immediately. Ideally I would try to keep an open mind â€" if I am to blame for the situation I would try to take all feedback as constructive criticism, but I will try an involve a third party, just to make sure there is an objective observer.’‘I have experienced a situation where a doctor went to my supervisor to ask that I wouldn’t care for a particular patient. The way I acted in this situation is that I asked to discuss this directly with the doctor. I was worried I was doing something wrong and didn’t realize what it was. So I did and I asked them what I was supposed to improve. What it turned out was the whole thing was a miscommunication about the schedule. This taught me you should always have an open mind instead of immediately jumping to conclusions when there is the perception of conflict.‘‘I really avoid interpersonal conflict. But if I come across it I will immediately try to address it by softening my behavior â€" not by feeding into the conflict. However, sometimes it is a regular occurrence. Once I was in a situation where a doctor was always rude to the nurses. The way I handled it is I talked to my boss, and made it clear that it wasn’t just my perspective. It turned out it was not by chance. That doctor had personal issues at home. After a short leave on his side, the situation improved significantly.‘‘I have had a bad experience where a doctor seemed to have an especially bad attitude towards me in particular. It turned out to be a scary situation because that doctor claimed I was not doing my job we ll. Luckily he didn’t seem to articulate himself too well and everyone else was very happy with my work. Both me and my supervisor attributed it to an interpersonal issue and the solution was to adjust my schedule to work more often with other doctors.’DO YOU SEE BEING A NURSE AS YOUR CAREER?Whenever you are answering this question, you need to keep in mind that what your future employer wants to hear from you is proof you will be loyal to the job. ‘There are just so many things that make the job so rewarding. For example when a family sees their baby for the first time. Any time you get to tell a worried family everything will be okay you know you have done your job. Of course, I am prepared to deliver some bad news as well.’‘My favorite part of nursing is when I manage to get through stressful situations or help doctors to persevere through a bad moment.’‘I have spent time as an Emergency Room nurse, and even though it has been the most emotionally exhausting job I e ver had at the end of the day it was so fulfilling. Because I know without my intervention the life or that question might have had another outcome. I believe this job has changed me in a really positive way and I am looking forward to improve myself even further.’‘My teammates have told me telling a patient a bad diagnosis is stressful to them, but I see it as giving them their best chance for   improvement.’‘Nursing is my thing is because I know how to help people to the psychological and physical challenges standing between them and their recovery.’‘Sometimes recovery is overwhelming even to very strong minded individuals. Especially when there are unexpected complications. Their hospital stay is extended. Their therapy ends up being challenging for them financially.’‘I feel being a nurse is my calling especially when I work with kids. It is be both painful and rewarding. To them it always comes so unexpected. And it is scary. I am happy to be there for them in a bad moment.’CONCLUSIONThere are 3 key moments that your future employer wants to know about you. First, they want to know you feel confident you are right for the job. Second, they need to know the patients in their facility are safe in your hands â€" both as a specialist and as a communicator. Third, they need to know you are a good person. You will be able to put yourself in the shoes of the family when you have difficult talks. You will not create interpersonal conflicts and you will do your best to contribute to your team’s work. But at the end of the day, when nursing is your calling, you don’t need to prepare too much. Be confident and true. And they will know you are it.

Deterrence Theory And The Criminal Justice Field Essay

Introduction Deterrence can be defined as an act of threat to prevent another party from certain actions. Deterrence theory is based upon a belief that citizens choose to obey or violate the law after determining the advantages and disadvantages of their actions (Paternoster, 2010). Deterrence, in the criminal justice field, dissuades individuals from criminal activity and from continuing to live a life of crime after committing the first criminal like act (Dutton, 2014). Law enforcement provides sanctions in the form of imprisonment, probation and fines (Paternoster, 2010). In the United States, a practical example of deterrence, when a law enforcement officer writes a traffic ticket to those who speed. The points and the fines that come along with the ticket are a deterrent against citizen’s defying the law. Deterrence theory is applied in two basic types of application, general and specific (Nagin, 2013). General deterrence is designed to prevent crime in the general popula tion (Nagin, 2013). Specific deterrence, focusing on the individual criminal, deters those from violating law or maintaining a life of crime in the future. Punishment of citizens by law enforcement, acts as deterrence for the general population, those who have not yet engaged in criminal activity. The horrors of sanctions serve as a prevention tool in the omission of crime. Years ago public punishments, such as death viewings, were conducted to deter criminal activity within a community. CorporalShow MoreRelatedCriminology Theories and Capital Crimes1182 Words   |  5 PagesCriminology Theories and Capital Crimes: As part of the distinct aspects of criminal justice policy, the different criminology theories have significant impacts on the criminal justice system. The different theories of crime are used to explain criminal justice policy and the criminal justice system. These theories were developed by different people in attempts to explain criminal justice. In addition, criminological theories assist is shaping the societys reaction to offense in relation to preventingRead MoreContemporary Classicism In Criminology710 Words   |  3 PagesContemporary Classicism is an important theory in the study of criminology and in the field of criminal behavior research. The theories of classicism are arguably the foundation of our modern day criminal justice approaches. The classicalist approach to criminology was developed in the eighteenth century, where thinking emerged in response to the harsh forms of punishment that dominated society in the time. This period is known as ‘the enlightenment period’ and the first traces of contemporary classicismRead MoreTwo Types of Criminal Deterrence Essay869 Words   |  4 PagesThere are two different types if deterrence, the first is classified as specific deterrence. 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Deterrence is defined as the punishment of socially undesirable behavior as a means of future preventionRead MoreCriminal Justice Majors1105 Words   |  5 PagesContrary to popular belief the life of a criminal justice major is not all about being a hardboiled cop or a living a black and white noir film, there is actually quite a bit of disciplinary literacy in the background. People looking forward to a career in criminal justice should be able to write up investigation reports, reports to be used in trials, and documents relating to various types of criminal offenders. For a bachelor’s degree in Criminal Justice 120 credits including some general electiveRead MoreThe Theory Of Rehabilitating Fender Shifted Into Focus More1212 Words   |  5 Pages As the range of fields that study crime grew, the theory of rehabilitating the offender shifted into focus more prevalently. The aim of the theory of rehabilitation is to reform the offender, that is to say, rid them of their criminal ways. 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Labels are placed on individuals who commit crime to reduce repeat offenses. A person of prestige that has a high ranking social class is the individual that usually determines how labels are applied. Labeling theory can have a negative effect on the individual who is categorized, the individual is moreRead MoreThe Great Fire Of 19141339 Words   |  6 Pagesto observe the Point area and provide an overview of routine activities theory, rational choice, deterrence theory, and describe how these theories are interrelated. We also have to use rational choice theory to discuss how the conditions I observed in the Point may increase criminal opportunities for motivated offenders, and also propose two ways to improve t he environment of the Point to increase guardianship. Most criminals who commit a crime or do drugs are living in an environment that does not

The American Civil War Essay examples - 1207 Words

There were several primary causes that would eventually lead to one of America’s bloodiest war and now I will explain each one in further detail. One of the main issues that would spark tensions between the northern and southern states was their differing views on slavery. In the North the most prominent idea in peoples mind during the period before the war was the idea of free labor. (Perret 10) They believed that it emphasized economic opportunity in the northern states. (Perret 14) Many anti-slavery movements would soon begin in the northern states and gain great momentum within the 1830’s and 1840’s. What these movements aimed at doing was to change the way people worked and lived which would help the working class adapt to new†¦show more content†¦In Lincolns second inaugural he coined a famous phrase saying Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God, and each invokes His aid against the other. (Perret 48)Other problems would arise concern ing slavery such as which states would be admitted as free or slave states. Several compromises were made in order to avoid tensions rising such as the â€Å"Missouri Compromise†. Yet again we see later on by the repeal of this act by the â€Å"Kansas Nebraska† act that things remain unstable. Tensions would rise again when we acquired the new territories from Mexico. For several years it caused tensions with the South wanting slavery and the North opposed to it. Eventually the Compromise of 1850 would quell the tensions. A second issue that would spark tensions between the states that eventually would lead to war was the argument of states’ rights. The South would vigorously argue throughout the years before the war that the federal government’s authority was not above that of each individual state. (Mcpherson 25) This would mean the federal government was in violation of what the founding fathers created it to do. Many historians believe that this respo nse was elicited by the fact that the Northern population was growing so quickly that it would soon have control of the federal government. Before 1860 many of the presidents that had been elected were pro-south or they were indeed from the south. (Mcpherson 35) With the northShow MoreRelatedAmerican War And The American Civil War1551 Words   |  7 Pageswhich then caused the Southern states of America to decide to leave the American Union and create their own Southern Confederacy. This tore our nation apart. The American Civil War had begun and the very people that were once neighbors had each other’s blood on their hands. Many American lives had been lost. The American lives lost in the Civil War even exceeded the number of American lives lost during World War I and World War II. We were divided. The North wanted to reunite with the southern statesRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War was arguably the most important wa r in the history of the country. The War of Independence may have allowed American to become its’ own country, but the Civil War resulted in something even more important than that, the end of slavery in the southern states. All of the issues that caused the Civil war were based around slavery, such as states’ rights that involved how slavery would be handled in each state, and trying to preserve the Union since the south seceded from the northRead MoreThe American Civil War1296 Words   |  6 Pages The American Civil War, also known as the State’s War, was a conflict that arose mostly from the issue of slavery, but deep down was due to economic differences between the North and the South. The South seceded from the North and created their own self-government due to their belief in the lack of state’s rights versus the federal government and what they saw as a weakness in the Articles of Confederation. While the Confederacy of the United States depended on slave labor for their economy in regardsRead MoreThe American Civil War1418 Words   |  6 PagesGuns fired, smoke lingering in the air, people dying. The American Civil War had a huge impact on the United States. Two compromises took place before the start of the Civil War. These compromises include the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. The Missouri Compromise dealt with the crisis in 1819 over Missouri entering the Union as a slave state. The compromise was â€Å"the first major crisis over slavery, and it shattered a tacit agreement between the two regions that had been in placeRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1618 Words   |  7 Pages A Civil War is a battle between the same citizens in a country. The American Civil War was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the independence for the Confederacy or the survival of the Union. By the time Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1861, in the mist of 34 states, the constant disagreement caused seve n Southern slave states to their independence from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, generally known as the South, grew to include elevenRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1324 Words   |  6 PagesThere were many events that led to the cause of one of America’s most devastating war, the American Civil War. The American Civil War was an unfortunate war that cost more than the lives of six hundred thousand people. Events such as the Missouri Compromise, Kansas Nebraska Act, Dred Scott Decision, and the Election of Abraham Lincoln resulted in the four yearlong battles between the Northern and Southern states due to social and economic differences on the idea of slavery. In the 19th century,Read MoreThe War Of The American Civil War856 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery may have been established as the catalyst of the American Civil War, but the beginning of the dispute began in the time of the Revolution with a weak decentralized government under the Articles of Confederation. Later gained momentum as territorial expansion set Americans against each other on debating whether the new states should be slave states or free states, it questioned the power of the Federal government regarding state rights, and brought about instability in the unity of the UnitedRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War lasted from April 12, 1861 to May 9, 1865. It was the bloodiest war in American history, killing approximately 620,000 soldiers in total. The War was fought and won by the North, ensuring that all the United States would stay united and slavery would be illegal in The United States. However, history is one of the most complicated things in the world. It’s also one of the most important things in the world because history is what made the present possible. Historians have debatedRead MoreThe American Civil War878 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction A civil war is a prolonged high-intensity conflict between people, countries, or parties, which is usually barefaced and armed. Every war has its causes either acceptable or not and some are inevitable. Commonly, civil wars are between countries within a state. It results from one country aiming to make implementations on their governing policies or take control of certain areas within the state. 1Civil War refers to the American Civil War, which took place in the year 1861 to 1865Read MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1439 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the American Civil War began in the spring of 1861, those flocking to enlistment stations in states both north and south chiefly defined their cause as one of preservation. From Maine to Minnesota, young men joined up to preserve the Union. From Virginia to Texas, their future foes on the battlefield enlisted to preserve a social order, a social order at its core built on the institution of slavery and racial superiority . Secession had not been framed by prominent Southerners like Robert Toombs

Alternative Learning System free essay sample

In essence,  three basic assumptions  are held to be true. [original research? ]  First, learning is manifested by a change in behavior. Second, the environment shapes behavior. And third, the principles of contiguity (how close in time two events must be for a bond to be formed) and reinforcement (any means of increasing the likelihood that an event will be repeated) are central to explaining the learning process. For behaviorism, learning is the acquisition of new behavior through conditioning. There are two types of possible conditioning: )  Classical conditioning, where the behavior becomes a reflex response to stimulus as in the case of  Pavlovs Dogs. Pavlov was interested in studying reflexes, when he saw that the dogs drooled without the proper stimulus. Although no food was in sight, their saliva still dribbled. It turned out that the dogs were reacting to lab coats. Every time the dogs were served food, the person who served the food was wearing a lab coat. We will write a custom essay sample on Alternative Learning System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, the dogs reacted as if food was on its way whenever they saw a lab coat. In a series of experiments, Pavlov then tried to figure out how these phenomena were linked. For example, he struck a bell when the dogs were fed. If the bell was sounded in close association with their meal, the dogs learned to associate the sound of the bell with food. After a while, at the mere sound of the bell, they responded by drooling. 2)  Operant conditioning  where there is reinforcement of the behavior by a reward or a punishment. The theory of operant conditioning was developed by  B. F. Skinner  and is known as  Radical Behaviorism. The word ‘operant’ refers to the way in which behavior ‘operates on the environment’. Briefly, a behavior may result either in reinforcement, which increases the likelihood of the behavior recurring, or punishment, which decreases the likelihood of the behavior recurring. It is important to note that, a punishment is not considered to be applicable if it does not result in the reduction of the behavior, and so the terms punishment and reinforcement are determined as a result of the actions. The earliest challenge to the behaviorists came in a publication in 1929 by Bode, a  gestalt  psychologist[3]  . He criticized behaviorists for being too dependent on overt behavior to explain learning. Gestalt psychologists proposed looking at the patterns rather than isolated events. Gestalt views of learning have been incorporated into what have come to be labeled  cognitive theories. Two key assumptions underlie this cognitive approach: (1) that the memory system is an active organized processor of information and (2) that prior knowledge plays an important role in learning. Cognitive theories look beyond behavior to explain brain-based learning. Cognitivists consider how human memory works to promote learning. For example, the physiological processes of sorting and encoding information and events into  short term memory  and  long term memory  are important to educators working under the cognitive theory[4]  . The major difference between gestaltists and behaviorists is the locus of control over the learning activity: the individual learner is more key to gestaltists than the environment that behaviorists emphasize. Once memory theories like the  Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model[5]  and Baddeleys  working memory  model[6]  were established as a theoretical framework in  cognitive psychology, new cognitive frameworks of learning began to emerge during the 1970s, 80s, and 90s. Today, researchers are concentrating on topics like  cognitive load  and  information processing  theory. These theories of learning play a role in influencing  instructional design. [7]  Aspects of cognitivism can be found in learning how to learn, social role acquisition, intelligence, learning, and memory as related to age. Educators employing a cognitivist approach to learning would view learning as internal mental process (including insight, information processing, memory, perception) where in order to develop learner capacity and skills to improve learning, the educator structures content of learning activities to focus on building intelligence and cognitive and meta-cognitive development Constructivism Main article:  Constructivism (learning theory) The learning theories of Jean Piaget, Jerome Bruner, Lev Vygotsky and John Dewey serve as the foundation of constructivist learning theory. 8]  Constructivism views learning as a process in which the learner actively constructs or builds new ideas or concepts based upon current and past knowledge or experience. In other words, learning involves constructing ones own knowledge from ones own experiences. Constructivist learning, therefore, is a very personal endeavor, whereby internalized concepts, rules, and general principles may consequently be app lied in a practical real-world context. This is also known as  social constructivism  (see  social constructivism). Social constructivists posit that knowledge is constructed when individuals engage socially in talk and activity about shared problems or tasks. Learning is seen as the process by which individuals are introduced to a culture by more skilled members. [9]  Constructivism itself has many variations, such as  Active learning,  discovery learning, and  knowledge building. Regardless of the variety, constructivism promotes a students free exploration within a given framework or structure. 10]  The teacher acts as a facilitator who encourages students to discover principles for themselves and to construct knowledge by working to solve realistic problems. Aspects of constructivism can be found in self-directed learning, transformational learning, experiential learning, situated cognition, and reflective practice and religious practice

Romeo & Juliet Essays (935 words) - William Shakespeare,

Romeo & Juliet Excellent tragedy author: worst tragic life Yesterday afternoon I went to watch the play Romeo & Juliet at the Globe by one of the best play writer, William Shakespeare. The changes in the emotions, the tragedy, the comedy and the whole setting of the play brilliant. He has written many plays about comedies, histories and the tragedies. I know you are thinking I know that? But a lot of people don't know much about his family and his parents and origination, so after send my men around the country here is some thing about Shakespeare. William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. John Shakespeare, William's father, was a Glover and a Whittaker. He was a highly successful and respected man. His father held many public official positions: mayor, town council man, and justice of peace. Shakespeare's father was not able to write. In 1576, John's business went down. He stopped attending meetings and social events. Shakespeare was twelve at this point in time. Shakespeare's mother was Mary Arden. She came from a wealthy family who paid a handsome dowry to marry her off. While living on Henley Street, she bore eight children with the Shakespeare name. Shakespeare went to Stratford Grammar School where he studied classics written in Greek and Latin. His teachers gave him the incentive to read. He was taught by two Oxford graduates, Simon Hunt and Thomas Jenkins. Shakespeare had an unusual keen observation of both nature and mankind. His education ended here. Shakespeare from the begin had a keen interest in books, and stories. On November 27, 1582, Shakespeare married Ann Hathaway who was twenty-eight years old. On May 26, 1583, Ann bore their first daughter, Susanna. In 1585, a set of twins was born, Judith and Hamnet. Hamnet died at the age of eleven in 1596. After that he came to England and joined The Chamberlain's men, the acting company and after that we all know what he has done to provide us with the best entertainment, he can. The people's demand fulfilled The origin of the Globe has many interesting details that make up its history. London developed a demand for entertainment and theaters. Entrepreneurs took the chance and began to build them. In 1576 the first successful theater was in operation in London. This building was simply called ?The Theater,? which was owned by James Burbage and John Brayne. Twenty years later in 1596 the lease was about to expire. Their landlord was giving them an unfair lease that would make the troupe go bankrupt. A few years later Lord Chamberlain's Men, a theater troupe, decided to build themselves a playhouse of their own. They were also short on cash so they thought it would be most cost effective to use the previous timbers from The Theater and therefore the same design. They couldn't use it on the land it was on, so they took the materials illegally to make the Globe. At 12:00 at night, on January 20, they shipped the wood over the river to Bank side. Bank side in London was a rowdy bohemian suburb ?[with] muddy channels said. In 1599, Shakespeare bought 12.5% of the shares in the Globe. During the same year the Globe was quickly completed. William Shakespeare is the person usually associated with the Globe but many other people contribute to its history. James Burbage the stockholder and an actor with Lord Chamberlain's Men, a theater company in London. His two sons Cuthbert and Richard, each received 25% of the shares in the Globe from their father and the other 50% was distributed to five other members of the troupe. This company was called Lord Chamberlain's Men after a patron of the acting company. These people and groups are living part of the Globe Theater. \ Change in the history throne The reign of the King James VI & I reading and learning flourished in the kingdom. The King himself wrote well and he wrote extensively. He was one of the most learned monarchs to ever sit on any throne and was known as Britain's King Solomon. One of the King's most famous subjects is William Shakespeare. King James I was patron to Shakespeare's troop, which was known as,

Learn How to Conjugate Attacher (to Attach) in French

Learn How to Conjugate Attacher (to Attach) in French The French verb  attacher  means to attach, fasten, bind, or tie up. French students will be happy to know that it is rather easy to conjugate this verb. A quick lesson is all you should need. Conjugating the French Verb  Attacher Verb conjugations in French are a bit more of a challenge than in English. Rather than adding simple -ed or -ing endings to a verb, the French language uses many different endings that you will need to memorize. Attacher  is a  regular -ER verb. This means that it follows the standard changes to the ending as you move from subject and tense.   The chart will help you memorize the conjugations. Simply match the subject pronoun to the present, future, or imperfect past tense. For example, I attach is jattache and we will attach is nous attacherons. Subject Present Future Imperfect j attache attacherai attachais tu attaches attacheras attachais il attache attachera attachait nous attachons attacherons attachions vous attachez attacherez attachiez ils attachent attacheront attachaient Attachers Present Participle The  present participle  for attacher is formed by dropping the -er  and adding -ant  to form attachant. Not only does this act as a verb, but you can use it as an adjective, gerund, or noun as well. The Passà © Composà © of  Attacher The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a common form of the past tense in French. For  attacher, you will combine the appropriate conjugate of the  auxiliary verb  avoir  with the  past participle  attachà ©. As an example, to say I attached, you will use jai attachà ©. As the subject changes, only the subject pronoun and  avoir  conjugate will change: we tied up becomes nous avons attachà ©. More Conjugations of  Attacher When youre just starting out, concentrate on learning the present, future, and passà © composà © of  attacher. As you speak and read more French, you may find other forms to be useful as well. The subjunctive and conditional forms are verb moods and imply a certain level of uncertainty or ambiguity in the action. If youre reading or writing formal French, you may also encounter or use the passà © simple or imperfect subjunctive. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j attache attacherais attachai attachasse tu attaches attacherais attachas attachasse il attache attacherait attacha attacht nous attachions attacherions attachmes attachassions vous attachiez attacheriez attachtes attachassiez ils attachent attacheraient attachrent attachassent The imperative form of  attacher  will be useful when its used in short, direct requests or demands. For this form, theres no need to use the subject pronoun and you can simply say  attachons  rather than tu attachons. Imperative (tu) attache (nous) attachons (vous) attachez

Good Students = Good Grades †Here’s 10 Ways to Be That Student

Good Students = Good Grades – Here’s 10 Ways to Be That Student 10 Ways to Become A Good Student Good Student Equals Good Grades We pretty much still define a good student as one who gets good grades. While this may seem a bit narrow for a definition, it is what it is. We could argue that a good student is one who does not just accept what he is told by a professor or a text book, who questions the status quo, who has mastered course content even though his assignments and test don’t show that, and who is able to think outside the box of normal content and learning activities. Bill Gates was not a particularly â€Å"good† student, for example; Einstein was a terrible student. But, if you want the grades that will impress future employers, you have to do those things that will make you a â€Å"good† student in the eyes of the people who give you those grades. Here’s 10 ways to be that â€Å"good† student. Attitudes You Must Have Drive. Sometimes this is called a high level of ambition. The point is, you have to be committed to getting the best grade possible in every course and to doing what it takes to get that. You Must Have Persistence. We never have to be persistent when things come easily. It’s when we fail and we have to start again or when we don’t understand something that persistence kicks in, if we have it. There will definitely be times when you fail and when you don’t â€Å"get† something. Do you give up or do you stick with it until you do it right or understand it? Know When You Need Help. A â€Å"good† student will know when he cannot master a skill or content and when s/he will not be able to fulfil an assignment. And that student will then take steps to get the help that is necessary. Maybe you form a study group; maybe you meet with your professor or TA to get additional help; perhaps you can find a fellow students who can help you. Take Responsibility. Good students understand that they have to get homework done and get all assignments in on time. They know they have to study for exams. And they make certain that they do these things. Develop Flexibility. You will be exposed to a great variety of teaching styles, professor personalities, and types of learning activities. You will need to adapt to all of this variety, â€Å"changing gears† as is called for by a situation. Behaviors Attend Class. Important stuff goes in class. You can’t re-attend a lecture; you can’t generate notes from nowhere, and you can’t capture anything on a whit board once it has been erased. If you have to miss a class, be certain that you get the notes from a trusted peer. Don’t Procrastinate. Waiting to the last minute, especially to write your essays and papers, is a dangerous game. What if you haven’t finished your research and there is an Internet outage? What if you get sick? Get a calendar and a schedule, and construct a timeline for completing each step of a major assignment. Take Notes as You Read Your Texts. If you do this, and put them in a folder along with your lecture notes, you will have everything you need when it comes time to study for an exam. If you don’t do this, you will be re-reading that text, and that is really a waste of valuable time. Find a Good Writing Service. Even the most organized student will sometimes face a crisis and realize that all of those essays and papers simply cannot be completed on time. That's when they will ask "write my essay in 12 hours"  It is re-assuring to know that you have an essay helper that you can trust to come through for you. Use Technology. Record or video lectures; take screen shots of everything that is presented visually Get tools and apps that will keep you organized and format your papers for you and that will remind you when things are due. Get a good grammar checker and plagiarism detection software. If you cannot establish a study group on campus, use one of the online study group options Find a good app that you can use to make flash cards. These are great study devices. If you want good grades, then you have to accept the traditional definition of a â€Å"good† student. Hopefully, you will also learn to question and think outside the box. And a bonus tip? Call your parents even when you don’t need money!

Movie review 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

2 - Movie Review Example As he grows attached to Diego, he becomes lenient and also pursues a love interest-Diego’s neighbor. The Seventh Seal movie is a drama based on the medieval crusade times where the main character, Antonious Bloch faces many hurdles in his life. After he comes back from the crusades, he realizes that there is famine and plagues in his homeland and there is a man (Death) on his trail to kill him (SDG, 2005). Block challenges his assassin to a game of chess where the stakes are high. If block loses, he dies and if he is wins all is well with him and his family. There is a strong message in the film and a moral struggle between doing what is right for oneself and the interests of others. The game of chess decides the outcomes of individual’s lives(Young, 1960. This, in itself, is a moral contentious issue as the stakes are too high to be decided by individual’s game knowledge. Ashes and Diamonds concern the plight of Maciek, a young polish right-wing army man who is instructed to assassinate the new communist secretary (Bradshaw, 2009). He attempts but fails in his first trial, causing the death of two civilians. He tries again but he is not convinced he is doing the right thing. He falls in love with a girl at the hotel where the communist frontrunner stays. He eventually manages to kill the leader but also dies from wounds from a gunshot he sustained (Malcolm, 1999). The moral struggle in this film is portrayed in the conscience of the young soldier. He is not convinced that killing the communist secretary is appropriate and according to his principles. However, as an army officer, he is obligated to follow the orders he is given, killing the communist official. Zhang Yimou’s Red Sorghum is a chines film that covers the chines cultural revolution during the periods of 60s and 70s. It entails the story of a young poor girl who is

U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Role in Combatting Research Paper

U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Role in Combatting Cybersecurity - Research Paper Example While comparing the present cyber war towards the reactive US approach nation’s major wars i.e. WWII or War on Terror, considerable changes in the same can be apparently observed. One of such changes can be ascertained in secret services along with information operations. In this present day context, these particular aspects became quite modernized as compared to the earlier years due to rapid technological advancements (Geers 9-158). The Criticalness of Cyber Security and DHSs National Role W/Obama Quote. On 12th February 2013, Obama passed an order to enhance the critical infrastructure of cyber security in the US. This order passed by Obama supported in building, developing as well as maintaining public-private relationships with other partners and operators to create risk based cyber security system by sharing different information. According to Obama, the role of cyber security and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is to improve the infrastructure of the framework of cyber security by transferring the required information related to the protection of cyber threats and following proper guidelines as well as rules (Waltzman, Giancarlo and Webb 1-4). This research paper intends to explain the responsibility of securing the nations and determine the infrastructure of cyberspace that can restrict in facing cyber threats or attacks on business and governmental policies. Apart from this, the research paper laid utmost focus on revealing the fact that the Department of Homeland Security must prioritize cybersecurity for ensuring the integrity of different nations, civilian and government networks as per the desired level. The research paper also deals with assessing the roles played by the Department of Homeland Security in the domain of cybersecurity. To address the above discussed aspects, the following objectives need to be attained: Comparison of Internal to External Threats (Government Accountability Office

Behaviorism and the Never-Ending Need for Discipline Essay -- Educatio

Behaviorism and the Never-Ending Need for Discipline Webster’s dictionary defines education as â€Å"the act or process of training by a prescribed or customary course or study of discipline.† I, however, see it as much more. Education, in my perspective, is the greatest gift a human can receive. I want to be one of the many caring individuals that can give this priceless gift- I want to be a teacher. There are many current trends and philosophies when dealing with education. Behaviorism, the philosophy of education in which I regard, will be incorporated into my classroom in some form or fashion. Education today has taken a turn for the worse when analyzing behavior. I know, from personal experience, that the behavior of children has curdled. I feel that if I can help students become more intelligent and courteous citizens, then I have completed my job successfully. Although there are many philosophies of education, I feel that behaviorism is one that should be included in every teacher’s curriculum b ecause children today need educated socially as well as cognitively. Often times people have life-altering events that occur at the strangest of times. I am no different than anyone else. My career was set from the day that I walked into my kindergarten class. It was then that I knew that I wanted to be an educator. It was quickly learned that I loved school and that I wanted it to be a part of my life forever. As I grew up, I recognized the many different types of individuals around me. I saw kids with learning disorders, physical handicaps, and exceptional abilities. After realizing that I would someday have to deal with these multiple situations, I decided that if I can influence children’s lives then it ... ... students can easily learn from. If God blesses me to learn all that I am supposed to learn here at Concord, then I know that I will be prepared to teach to the best of my ability. I feel that I am receiving the best education possible here and I am confident that I will be successful in my future endeavors because of this. The final comments of this paper should certainly contain a conclusion of my thoughts of how behaviorism can affect the school system. All the philosophies of education are good ones, but I yearn to see the day when all children are as courteous and loving as they used to be. If we can make children’s behavior better, eventually these kids will grow up and procreate, producing a new generation of disciplined individuals. The future begins now and behaviorism is the key to success in terms of education both cognitively and socially.

Plantation System Essay

This essay seeks to account for the emergence of the plantation system in the Caribbean. Discuss with special reference to the sugar industry. According to the Oxford Concise Dictionary a plantation is a long, artificially-established forest, farm or estate, where crops are grown for sale, often in distant markets rather than for local on-site consumption. The term plantation is informal and not precisely defined. Plantations are grown on a large scale as the crops grown are for commercial purpose Crops grown on plantations include fast-growing tress (often conifers), cotton, coffee, tobacco, sugar cane, sisal, some oil seeds (notably oil palms) and rubber trees. Farms that produce alfalfa, Lespedeza, clover and other forage crops are usually not called plantations. He term â€Å"plantation† has usually not included large orchards (except for banana plantations), but does include the planting of trees for lumber. A plantation is always a monoculture over a large area and does not include extensive naturally occurring stands of plants that have economic value. Because of its large size, a plantation takes advantage of economies of scale. Protectionist policies and natural comparative advantage have contributed to determining where plantations have been located. Among the earliest examples of plantations were the latifundia of the Roman Empire, which produced large quantities of wine and olive oil for export. Plantation agriculture grew rapidly with the increase in international trade and the development of a worldwide economy that followed the expansion of European colonial empires. Like every economic activity, it has changed over time. Earlier forms of plantation agriculture were associated with large disparities of wealth and income, foreign ownership and political influence, and exploitative social systems such as indentured labor and slavery. The history of the environmental, social and economic issues relating to plantation agriculture is covered in articles that focus on those subjects. In the 17th century Europeans began to establish settlements in the Americas. The division of the land into smaller units under private ownership became known as the plantation system. Starting in Virginia the system spread to the New England colonies. Crops grown on these plantations such as tobacco, rice, sugar cane and cotton were labor intensive. Slaves were in the fields from sunrise to sunset and at harvest time they did an eighteen hour day. Women worked the same hours as the men and pregnant women were expected to continue until their child was born. European immigrants had gone to America to own their own land and were reluctant to work for others. Convicts were sent over from Britain but there had not been enough to satisfy the tremendous demand for labor. Planters therefore began to purchase slaves. At first these came from the West Indies but by the late 18th century they came directly from Africa and busy slave-markets were established in Philadelphia, Richmond, Charleston and New Orleans. The death-rate amongst slaves was high. To replace their losses, plantation owners encouraged the slaves to have children. Child-bearing started around the age of thirteen, and by twenty the women slaves would be expected to have four or five children. To encourage child-bearing some population owners promised women slaves their freedom after they had produced fifteen children. In the early days of the Southern colonies land was inexpensive but workers were hard to find. Men could buy up huge estates on which to grow profitable crops such as tobacco, but they couldn’t find anyone willing to work the land. At first they solved this problem by using indentured servants. An indentured servant was a type of temporary slave, contracted to work for a period of several years in order to pay back the cost of a passage by ship from Britain to the colonies. The conditions of plantation life were harsh and dangerous, and 40 percent of indentured servants died before paying off their debts. The classic plantation was a politico-economic invention, a colonial frontier institution, combining non-European slaves and European capital, technology, and managerial skill with territorial control of free or cheap subtropical lands in the mass, monocrop production of agricultural commodities for European markets. The plantation system shaped Caribbean societies in certain uniform ways: the growth of two social segments, both migrant, one enslaved and numerous, the other free and few in number; settlement on large holdings, the choicest lands (mainly coastal alluvial plains and intermontane valleys) being preempted for plantation production; local political orders excluding the numerically preponderant group from civil participation by force, law, and custom; and a capitalist rationale of production, with the planter a businessman rather than a farmer-colonist, even though the investment of capital in human stock and the code of social relations lent a somewhat non-capitalist colo ration to enterprise.

Chapter 1 Essays - 896 Words

Chapter 1: Mesopotamia 1. In the Neolithic era, about 8000 B.C., a new civilization and culture developed. The reason for this development was the change to hunting and gathering to cultivation of agriculture that permitted man to settle down permanently ending nomadic existence. 2. The Sumerians invented the first written language called Cuneiform. 3. Polytheistic Religion is the belief in many Gods. 4. Epic of Gilgamesh was the first literary story with a protagonist with a name and personality, and earliest written record of the discovery of death 5. One of the first established codes of law was the Hammurabi. 6. Why was the Hammurabi’s Code of law so significant? Explain in your own words. It gave society rules†¦show more content†¦6. Art styles in ancient Egypt remained constant for over 2,000 years! 7. Write why you think ancient Egypt was â€Å"the gift of the Nile River† and why you think ancient Egypt had very little contact with surrounding civilization for many centuries. I believe ancient Egypt was â€Å"the gift of the Nile River† because of its location in the Sahara desert, and because of its dry location. The river provided water and soil which irrigated the Nile Delta. All farmers knew when it would flood, and prepare their fields. Ancient Egypt had very little contact with surrounding civilization for many centuries because of isolation. This kept foreign ideas and influences from disrupting their cultural balance and they were free of foreign invasion through most of their history. 8. Write a paragraph explaining how the cultural epoch theory explains the stability of Egyptian culture for over 2,000 years. What differences do you notice (in your opinion) between Egypt and the Mesopotamian civilizations of Chapter 1? Stability for the Egyptians was well kept for over 2,000 years due to the fact of how it was founded. It made societies life enjoyable, and worth living. Cultural Epoch Theory in Egypt was homogenous, which was great for all. In my opinion, the difference between Egypt and Mesopotamian civilization is that they were completely opposite. Mesopotamian’s society was not enjoyable, it was a hard life they lived, and was not welcoming.Show MoreRelatedA Chapter Of Chapter 1 : Chapter 1835 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"They’re closing in†¦Ã¢â‚¬  . Aldrick mutters as he slips the bullet into the cylinder, he always knew this day would come, but the fact they choose to strike the household at it weakest moment infuriates him. It only take two days for the news to spread, and they come like vultures seeking carrion. He took a deep breath and set the last 5 bullets into the chamber, years of serving the military had taught him not to lose his temper in situation like this. A shuffling noise caught his attention, heRead MoreChapter 11226 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Chapter 1 1. Which of the following statements is false?    The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at web sites has been peer-reviewed. Web sites with .edu in their addresses are likely to provide reliable nutrition information. When evaluating claims for dietary supplements, be wary of products that include promises for quick remedies. In general, personal web sites, such as blogs, are not reliable sources of nutritionRead MoreSummary Of Chapter 1 : Chapter 1926 Words   |  4 PagesLong ago, at a minute village adjacent to Roc-A-Fella peaks, there lived three puerile boys. Jermaine, Nas, and Kendrick. Kendrick was a scion of the lightning district of the village, Nas was born and raised in the fire district, and Jermaine was a simple village boy who grew crops and raised cattle. Ever since the village was established it was divided into four main groups. The fire district, the lightning district, the village folk, and the All Mighty’s. 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Business Plan African Second Kitchen Free Essays

1Executive Summary 1.1 Description of Business This restaurant/ethnic food business plan is a candid disclosure of African Second Kitchen business proposal. Our intent is to set realistic business expectations, and eliminate any questions about the profitability of this business venture. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Plan: African Second Kitchen or any similar topic only for you Order Now Entrepreneurs have a tendency to paint the restaurant business plan with a very optimistic brush, highlighting strengths and camouflaging the risks. We, as business owners, have a vested stake and financial commitment in the success of this restaurant. Our intent is to have a definitive business, financial, and marketing plan that not only serves our need for capital financing, but is utilised as our daily business roadmap. We have taken all precautions to validate our business and financial models, focusing on realistic projections. 1.2 Finance Required The total capital requirement to launch African Second Kitchen is ?40,000 of which ?35,000 is allocated to start-up capital, and ?5,000 as business operations cash reserve. This Plan is being submitted in order to secure a Business loan for ?25,000. The loan will be used towards Equipment purchase, Design, Construction, and Operational Start-Up expenses. Owners, Mr. Ajetunmobi Ajayi and Mr. Paul Sangosanya are investing ?6,000 in personal capital. Private Investors, who will be part owners with a non-managerial interest in the business, will contribute the remaining ?9,000. As owners, our commitment is to take personal accountability for all financial debt. We have taken the necessary precautions to ensure the business is fully capitalized, and have addressed all financial shortfalls to ensure a successful business start-up. Under a realistic scenario, the company should have over ?5,000 in cash balance the third year. Even with the worst-case sales scenario, we reach a Net Worth break even at the end of Year 5. On a linear projection, the entire financial debt will be retired by Year 7. 1.3 Business Differentiation Our concept combines variety, ambiance, entertainment and a superior staff to create a sense of ‘place’ in order to reach our goal of overall value in the dining/entertainment experience. We offer fair profits for the owners and investors, and a rewarding place to work for the employees. Our unique mode of business operations which we value as keys to Success are: Unique, Innovative Contemporary: The creation of a unique and innovative fine dining atmosphere will differentiate us from the competition. The restaurant will stand out from the other restaurants in the area because of the unique design and decor. We will offer a fine dining experience in an electric atmosphere. Product quality: great food, great service and atmosphere. ‘Spice of Life’ Menu: The menu will appeal to a wide and varied clientele. Our eclectic menu features regional specialties in African dishes from Ikokore-Ijebu, Asharo, Pounded Yam, Eba, Lafu-isu, Lafu-Elubo, Bokoto, Abodi, Gbegiri, Egusi-Ijebu, Efo-riro, Efo-Elegusi, Roasted Meat, Suya, Fresh Fish, Crabs, to Rice, Beans and Fried Plantain . Employee Retention Focus: Employee retention and development programs will be a primary focus and success platform for this business. Through these programs, we will be able to draw seasoned and elite professionals and build a committed work force. We have budgeted for a stock option program for Chef and Management positions to subsidize a lower salary base. This lowers our immediate overhead and attracts quality staff. Cost Control Focus: We will control costs at all times, without exception. Cost Control will be an integrated function of the restaurant from the onset. Cost control is about managing the numbers – interpreting and comparing the numbers that impact the bottom line. 80 percent of the success of a restaurant is determined before it opens. Our focus is to reduce the cost of goods sold to meet our profit margin goals by managing the following crucial elements of cost: Purchasing, Receiving, Storage, Issuing Inventory, Rough Preparation, Service Preparation, Portioning, Order Taking, Cash Receipts, Bank Deposits and Accounts Payable. We will use of this restaurant/ethnic food business plan to track actual costs against our forecasts in managing the business. Due to intense competition, restaurateurs must look for ways to differentiate their business to achieve and maintain a competitive advantage. Barking Dagenham redevelopment requires a place that will fit into the ‘new look’ of the community, one that is contemporary and entertaining. African Second Kitchen will fill that niche. 1.4 Business Credibility Entrepreneurs have a tendency to paint the restaurant business plan with a very optimistic brush, highlighting strengths and camouflaging the risks. We, as business owners, have a vested stake and financial commitment in the success of this restaurant. Our intent is to have a definitive business, financial, and marketing plan that not only serves our need for capital financing, but is utilised as our daily business roadmap. We have taken all precautions to validate our business and financial models, focusing on realistic projections. We have accomplished this as follows: Our financial model is rooted in industry facts, not optimism. We have based costs on our vast industry and practical experience with similar ventures, validation against National Restaurant industry cost averages, and analysis against local Barking Dagenham market averages. We have taken a collective look at all figures to make solid business estimates. Our business concept was derived from detailed Market Analyses. Instead of building a business around a preconceived concept, we analysed the market findings and built a concept around our consumers. In other words, our business is built to service an unmet consumer ‘want’. A buffered financial plan that ensures adequate capitalization. A contingency buffer is included in the start-up cost to ensure the business is not under financed, as well as giving the business adequate funding to sustain it in the first six months of start-up. Our industry experience confirms a longer ramp-up stage for restaurants over other retail/service businesses. A common mistake for new entrepreneurs, but fully addressed in this business plan. A solid Risk Mitigation Plan. We have evaluated traditional and non-traditional risks associated with Restaurant failure and accounted for them directly in the business plan. Instead of dismissing the risks, we have identified valid mitigation strategies for each. Deep Management Experience. Our management team has 20 years combined experience, involved with over 86 restaurant openings, and deep involvement with the Barking Dagenham restaurant industry. 2The Company and its Industry 2.1 Purpose of the Company 2.1.1 Mission African Second Kitchen will be an inspiring restaurant, combining an eclectic atmosphere with excellent and interesting food. The mission is to have not only a great food selection, but also efficient and superior service – customer satisfaction is our paramount objective. African Second Kitchen will be the restaurant of choice for a mature and adult crowd, couples and singles, young and old, male or female. 2.1.2 Objectives African Second Kitchen’s objectives for the first three years of operation include: Keeping food costs at less than 35% of revenue Improving our Gross Margin from 65.41% in Year 1 to 67.10 in Year 2 These are attainable targets; our ‘stretch’ is to attain 70.73% by Year Keeping employee labour cost between 25-27% of total sales Remaining a small, unique restaurant with eclectic food and service Averaging sales between ?525,000 – ?630,000 per year Promoting and expanding the African Second Kitchen concept as a unique Midtown destination restaurant. Expanding our marketing and advertising in Barking Dagenham and in the neighbouring Boroughs to increase our customer base Achieving a profitable investment return for investors for Years 2 – 6. 2.2 Company founders and Skills sets The restaurant will start out as African Second Kitchen Limited, owned by its founders, Ajetunmobi Ajayi and Paul Sangosanyaa. Mr. Sagosanya will function as the General Manager and Executive Chef, and Mr. Ajayi as Managing Partner. Mr. Ajayi and Mr. Sangosanya have a long-standing professional relationship in the restaurant industry, stemming back to Nigeria. Mr. Sangosanya is an accomplished restaurateur, having owned several full-service restaurants. He currently owns Currys Restaurant in Ijebu-Ode, and Mr Biggs in Lagos. Mr. Sangosanya is also an international Restaurant Consultant for top organizations such as Chicken Republic and Pizza hut. Mr. Ajayi has a background in International Business Management, and is certified in Restaurant and Hotel Management. Under the management of Mr Ajayi, Mcdonalds was a feature restaurant in London, and distinguished as a top 10 restaurant while under his management from 2002 – 2010. 2.3 Competitive Differentials Unique, Innovative Contemporary: The creation of a unique and innovative fine dining atmosphere will differentiate us from the competition. The restaurant will stand out from the other restaurants in the area because of the unique design and decor. We will offer a fine dining experience in an electric atmosphere. Product quality: great food, great service and atmosphere. Employee Retention Focus: Employee retention and development programs will be a primary focus and success platform for this business. Through these programs, we will be able to draw seasoned and elite professionals and build a committed work force. We have budgeted for a stock option program for Chef and Management positions to subsidize a lower salary base. This lowers our immediate overhead and attracts quality staff. 3Products / Services 3.1 Distinctive Qualities 3.1.1 Services Our food will be of the finest quality and prepared with exotic flare. Customer satisfaction is the driving force behind our success. We will change our menu every 4 months, but maintain the ‘favourites’ for loyal patrons. Portions will be modestly sized, garnished with stunning presentation. The kitchen staff will have the best in culinary education and work experience. Their creative talents will compliment one another. The lounge and restaurant staff will offer the finest service in an electric atmosphere and offer customers an extraordinary dining experience. 3.1.2 African Second Kitchen Menus The menu flows together to create complementary elements. Normal dining will have a reduced Appetizer and Entree selection, while the Fusion Dim Sum menu will have special items featured only for after-hours dining. The final menu will be defined by the Executive Chef and paired with the wine menu. We have carefully selected a premium wine, beer, and alcohol listing, from which we will choose a modest rotating selection. The menu will appeal to a wide and varied clientele. Our eclectic menu features regional specialties in African dishes. The list below offers a small selection of our opening menu offerings: Ikokore-Ijebu, Asharo, Pounded Yam, Eba, Lafu-isu, Lafu-Elubo, Bokoto, Abodi, Gbegiri, Egusi-Ijebu, Efo-riro, Efo-Elegusi, Roasted Meat, Suya, Fresh Fish, Crabs, to Rice, Beans and Fried Plantain. 3.1.3 Main Dish Amala Gbegiri with roasted Meat or Fresh Fish; Pounded yam Efo-riro with roasted Meat or Fresh Fish; Pounded yam Efo-elegusi with roasted Meat or Fresh Fish; Pounded yam Egusi-Ijebu with roasted Meat or Fresh Fish; Rice with Roasted Meat or Fresh Fish; Rice Beans with Fresh Fish or Roasted Meat; Rice Fried Plantain with Fresh Fish or Roasted Meat Bamboo Chicken Satay w/ kaffir lime and Sesame marmalade 3.1.4 African Second Kitchen Appetizers Suya, Crab, Pepper soup with fresh fish; Bread basket served with Olive oil, Black Pepper, and Goat Cheese dip; Blue Crab Fritters with Mango-Tamarind sauce; Crab Cake medallions w/ Shrimp Lobster; Mixed Seafood served with couscous siding 3.1.5 Salads Mixed Greens with Spanish sherry wine vinaigrette; Asian pear and Endive Salad with Blue Cheese Walnuts and Banana Leaf; Herb Roasted Chicken with Coo-Chee (House) spices 3.1.6 Desserts Chocolate Chunk Bread Pudding w/ Bourbon Cherry sauce; Second Kitchen Chocolate Explosion – Milk, Dark and White chocolate; Second Kitchen Fruit Plate; Specialty Drinks Coffees (?2.5 – 6.5) A key source of revenue for the restaurant will be alcohol and bar sales. The restaurant will feature exotic drinks on a separate menu. Alcoholic drink specials will be featured, as well as a large non-alcoholic selection. After-hours bar service will feature selections of non-alcoholic drinks to increase bar sales during lunch and after regulatory hours. Bar pricing is competitive; prices range from ?2.50 to 4.85. Non-alcoholic drinks will be in the higher price bracket due to preparation requirements. Prices will range from ?3.25 to 6.50. 3.2 Market Analysis Summary Instead of building a business around a preconceived concept, we conducted market research and built a concept around our consumers. Our market analysis identified the following key drivers as areas of opportunity to service Barking and Dagenham’s restaurant customers: 3.2.1 Menu Variety Ethnic restaurants are increasing in Barking and Dagenham. The proliferation of international cookbooks, food magazines, TV cooking shows and imported goods offers ample evidence that London and greater London, as a whole, is currently on an international tasting spree. In fact, eating places that identify themselves as ethnic establishments numbered nearly 78,000 in 2009 and recorded sales of ?20.5 billion. Our research results do not identify any single ethnic style of restaurant as desired, but rather suggest that incorporating strong multi-ethnic influences in the menu selection will be popular. Again, variety is the underlying element for this concept. 3.2.2 The Dining Experience Customer satisfaction with food and service has been and continues to be of utmost importance, but our findings indicate that the decor, lighting, bar, and other options to improve the dining experience are also factors in customer decisions. African Second Kitchen takes all these factors in consideration for the design of this cosmopolitan restaurant. 3.2.3 Reasonable Prices This was no surprise given the economic tide. Although the restaurant industry as a whole has seen growth in 2008/2009, customers are demanding value for their dining Sterling. African Second Kitchen’s menu is priced at a mid-tier level, with no Main Dish over ?15. In addition we have an extended Appetizer selection priced between ?2.50 – ?6.50, allowing budget dining in a full-service restaurant. 4Markets 4.1 Target Market Segment Strategy African Second Kitchen intends to cater for a wide customer base. We want everyone to feel welcome and entertained. We have defined the following groups as targeted segments that contribute to our growth projections: 4.1.1 Tourists Barking Dagenham attracts many vacationers during the summer months of May through September. African Second Kitchen will be a destination dining locale, with its attractive atmosphere, international menu, and lounge. A large percentage of the tourist population are vacationing singles, here to socialize and be entertained. This is especially true for the tourist population that visit for sporting and social events – they are not interested in family establishments. These particular market segments are 25-45 years old, have disposable income, and are seeking upscale, trendy, and comfortable restaurant options. These are the types of people who frequent other restaurants and bars in the area. They are likely to spend more on experiences they perceive as unique, cosmopolitan, and sophisticated. They are also the most open to trying something new, foodwise, and will embrace our international fusion cuisine 4.1.2 The Business Person They work hard all day and often stay overnight in a strange city. They need a competent establishment that helps impress clients and prospects. Afterward, they want to relax and use the money they are making (or are expensed by their company). They spend the most on drinks, food and tips. African Second Kitchen’s cosmopolitan flair and comfortable atmosphere will be perfect for sophisticated business people, whether they live in and around Barking Dagenham or are here for work. 4.1.3 Downtown Barking Dagenham’s Couples The restaurant will have an intimate, romantic, enticing adult atmosphere that suggests â€Å"date.† African Second Kitchen will be the best date location in town. These young Midtown couples are generally very successful working professionals. In most cases they are budgeting to eat out on a regular basis, as they don’t have the time to prepare food nightly. 4.1.4 The Destination Customer Barking and Dagenham is a very ‘sectioned’ city, and consumers often look only in their own neighbourhoods for restaurant options. African Second Kitchen will break these habits, using marketing to draw customers from outside the main city limits. African Second Kitchen will be a destination restaurant. Our Destination Clients tend to be new suburbanites that miss the excitement of the inner city. They have disposable income, and will spend quite a bit on such outings. African Second Kitchen will be especially appealing to married suburban couples indulging themselves with a â€Å"date night† downtown, away from the kids. Many of these consumers are new to Barking Dagenham from larger cities, accustomed to dining within the city and at non-franchised restaurants 4.1.5 High-end Singles We will attract them with our eclectic atmosphere and layout. Our international menu, striking decor, entertainment and events, excellent service and engaging clientele will confirm the feeling of being in â€Å"the in place† in Barking Dagenham. These are the individuals that pride themselves on socializing and dining at the premier locations – The Image Seekers. 4.2 Service Business Analysis The restaurant industry is highly competitive and risky. The owners know this through their many years of experience opening, running, and improving restaurants across Nigeria and at the International Scene. Most new restaurants opened by inexperienced owners struggle or fail. However, those based on solid understandings of the market needs, and management of inventory and staff have a much higher chance of success, especially when combined with prior experience in the restaurant industry. Restaurants make money by taking inexpensive ingredients, combining them in creative ways, cooking them properly, and selling them at a much higher price. Any ingredients wasted in the kitchen are money thrown out. Any time wasted in seating customers, taking orders or preparing food is money walking away. While some entrepreneurs think that success is as simple as a good location and a trendy concept, we know the truth: To succeed in the restaurant industry, you need an understanding of the risks and financial conditions, the ability to handle enormous pressure, and the organizational skills to bring off what is essentially a giant catered party, two to three times a day. 4.3 Strategy and Implementation Summary Our strategy is simple. We intend to succeed by giving people a combination of excellent and interesting food in an environment that appeals to a wide and varied group of successful adults. We will focus on establishing a strong identity in our community with a grand opening. Our main focus in marketing thereafter will be to increase customer awareness in the surrounding communities. We will direct all of our tactics and programs toward the goal of explaining who we are and what we do. We will keep our standards high and execute the concept flawlessly, so that word-of-mouth will be our main marketing force. We will create an appealing and entertaining environment with unbeatable quality at an exceptional price. As an exciting and eclectic restaurant, we will be the talk of the town. Therefore, the execution of our concept is the most critical element of our plan. All menu items are moderately priced for the area. While we are not striving to be the lowest-priced restaurant, we are aiming to offer exceptional food at reasonable prices for the average restaurant diner. 4.4 Possibilities for Growth within Market Segmentation 4.5 Competition and Buying Patterns In 2009, the top ten African restaurants shared two things: cosy, hip interiors and reasonably priced, regionally specialized menus. Only one of them offered traditional â€Å"British† cooking. And half of them were located in Midtown. Our competitors are heading in the right direction, but only African Second Kitchen is based on sound market research in the local market. Barking Dagenham consumers are seeking variety and new experiences. Location is clearly important, but so is atmosphere and distinctiveness. Our marketing challenge is thus to stand out from our competitors, not only as the â€Å"new† restaurant, but as one that offers consistently high quality food, menu variety, and a unique atmosphere. Maintaining our edge will depend partly on marketing ourselves as an adult-only destination, and not a family restaurant. 4.6 Failed Restaurant Analysis: Mumbo Jumbo Mumbo Jumbo was a strong competitor that was severely impacted by the patronage demise during the Financial Crisis. I also completed an analysis of this restaurant back in 2009. Several factors led to closing of this restaurant: 4.6.1 Location: This was a very cosmopolitan restaurant located in a core business community. The restaurant was hidden in cross streets and away from the general street traffic. This was a destination restaurant and a secondary selection for the general customer base in this area. Lesson Learned: As part of this analysis, we have determined that the downtown core is not a good fit for the African Second Kitchen concept. We will limit our site selection to Barking Town Centre. Barking Town Centre is major growth area and is developing the residential infrastructure in pace with the business infrastructure. 4.6.2 Customer Segment: The primary customer base is the business person and tourist. The largest percentage of this customer segment will be looking for a restaurant in which to conduct business or a family establishment; Mumbo Jumbo would not be a primary selection in either case. Lesson Learned: African Second Kitchen target market demographics are perfectly in alignment with the Barking Town Centre’s profile. Barking Town Centre has a business core as well as a residential core. We will look to the business core for our primary daytime business, but to our residential core for our dinner and after-hours patronage. In addition, the business core will look to African Second Kitchen as a place of socialization for dinner and after-hours unwinding. Mumbo Jumbo depended on the business segment for their lunch and dinner profits, and customers who would travel from outside the Borough to eat at the restaurant – there was no static dinner segment. 4.6.3 Visibility: Mumbo Jumbo was situated on a cross street behind the main street. Lesson Learned: Although being situated on a main street is not a key in the Town centre, we will ensure that visibility is part of our site selection criteria. In addition, we will use signage and exterior decor as means to attract customers and get noticed. 4.7 Competitors At the end of the day, everyone that sells prepared meals in this Barking is African Second Kitchen’s competitor, because we all compete for the same home meal replacement sterling. However, there are two segments of the restaurant industry that are our main competition: the casual dining restaurant and the fine dining value restaurant. So, if the food and service is better at a fine dining restaurant than a casual restaurant, but price has become a factor as a result of the economic turns, where is a customer more likely to goThere is no absolute answer to the question, but the solution is to deliver the best food at the best price with the highest level of service in one establishment. This is the very definition of value and the concept at the heart of African Second Kitchen’s business model. 5 Marketing 5.1 Promotion and Sales 5.1.1 Building and Signage The most important Marketing tool that we have is the exterior of our building, and our new sign. We budgeted a great deal into the renovations and decor to generate the aesthetic appeal of African Second Kitchen. 5.1.2 Customer Service: In our years within the restaurant industry, customer service has always been the major draw for the dining clientele. Food and atmosphere is far out-shadowed by superior customer service that turns a new customer into a repeat customer. Management will demand the wait-staff provide the very best in quality services to the customer, making certain that they are content and satisfied with their dining experience. Wait-staff are thoroughly trained, and every 90 days they undergo a performance appraisal. This is part of our Employee Manual, and Operations Manual guide. 5.1.3 Advertising and Promotion: Our Advertising Plan and media schedule call for targeting customers directly through local publications aimed at, respectively, singles, couples, and destination customers. Management recognizes the key to success at this time of initial opening is extensive media promotion. This must be done aggressively in order to accomplish our service goals. A healthy budget is allocated for the first year. A primary part of the budget is allocated to create the media and customer buzz for the month prior to opening and the next three months after the grand opening. The full Marketing program is as follows: 5.1.4 Media Objectives and Strategy: Establish our image as a unique Midtown restaurant with great service, value, and great food served in an eclectic atmosphere. We will maximize efficiency in the selection and scheduling of advertisements by: Selecting primary business publications with high specific market penetration, which all reach our targeted demographics Scheduling adequate frequency of ads to impact market with menu items and promotions. Where possible, positioning advertisements in or near entertainment/food related editorial. Redirecting customers to our website to register for upcoming functions, VIP lists, reservations, and flash media promotions. Maximizing ad life with monthly and weekly publications Additionally, we will develop a consistent reach and frequency throughout the year, targeting each specific customer segment within a five-mile radius, and new ‘suburbanites,’ who still appreciate in-town dining. 5.1.5 Promotional Campaign The best way to reach our potential customers is to develop an intense advertising campaign promoting our African Second Kitchen concept of â€Å"Spice of Life.† In addition to standard advertising practices, we will gain considerable recognition through newspapers, newsletters and public announcements. Consumers will be encouraged to visit our website to be greeted with a flash media intro that highlights the restaurant, past happenings, upcoming attractions and our dynamic menu. Our periodic customer surveys and weekly menu item sales evaluations will help us to understand what advertising is working and what is not; basically, who we are reaching. Our goal is to understand our customer, measure the success of our direct marketing and media activities, and redirect advertising as effectively as possible. 5.1.5.1 Publicity Strategy: African Second Kitchen will focus on the following publicity strategies: Develop a sustained public relations effort, with ongoing contact between key editors and top-level personnel at local dining publications. Develop a regular and consistent package update program for the major target media, keeping key editors abreast of all new promotions, and menu introductions. Establish contact with editorial staff for the purpose of being included in entertainment â€Å"round-ups†Ã¢â‚¬â€œproduct comparisons in dining publications and the local papers. Produce a complete African Second Kitchen Restaurant history and menu offering piece to be used as the primary public relations tool for all target media editorial contact. This will also be effective for inclusion in press kits. 5.1.5.2 Press Release/Grand Opening: African Second Kitchen Restaurant will release a series of press releases on the Grand opening. Editorial Visitation: Leading up to the Grand Opening, and over the first 6 months of operations, we will invite the most influential reporters and editors from all local publications to African Second Kitchen Restaurant in order to evaluate our menu, service, and atmosphere. Publicity Revenues: We anticipate at least 10% of our annual sales will be generated directly from our publicity. A full media kit will be sent to all local publications, and releases on new menu items will be made monthly. Community: African Second Kitchen will look for key opportunities to pair with local community development organizations and radio stations to interface with our customers. We will continually look for local community programs in which we can participate, in order to better our community, and give something back. Marketing Program In line with our Marketing strategy, we will employ three different marketing tactics to increase customer awareness of African Second Kitchen: In-Restaurant Marketing, Public Relations Marketing, and Media Marketing. Our most important tactic will be word-of-mouth/in-restaurant marketing. This will be by far the cheapest and most effective of our marketing programs. Word-of-mouth/In-Restaurant Marketing Restaurant Night: Every first Monday of the quarter, we will have a special evening for restaurant people. This will be a perfect night for the local area restaurant’s owners, chefs and staff to get together to discuss the market and food trends and possible Co-operative efforts to promote the Barking Town Centre. This is not a conflict of interest; it is an effort to increase visibility and patronage across the Town. Monthly Dating Connection: With the increasing appeal of Internet and speed dating, the restaurant will offer a monthly dating night. In addition to food and beverages, customers can choose from an array of dating packages up for auction. Wait Area Marketing: Wait staff will service appetizers to customers waiting to be seated or on the wait list. Special Events: Live Entertainment parties Valentine’s Day African Second Kitchen Halloween Masquerade party Wine tasting weekend New Year’s Eve party 5.1.6 Public Relations Marketing Barking Hospitality Tourism V.I.P. Party: We will host a V.I.P. Dinner before the ‘Grand Opening.’ This will serve the dual purpose of training our staff and introducing ourselves to the community. The list of individuals we will invite comes from the Chamber of Commerce, Barking and Dagenham Hospitality Tourism, and Barking Town centre Development group. We want their full commitment to the restaurant to draw the tourist sterling’s. Critics’ Choice: Prior to the Grand Opening there will be two preliminary parties catering to the Media and Critics community. We will encourage the media and restaurant critics to meet at the restaurant and review the decor, service and food. This will be a preliminary review, where we will consider constructive input to make minor revisions prior to the true Grand Opening. This initial review and input will give critics and media commentary a stake in African Second Kitchen’s success, through their contributions to the final design. Brochures: We will make a brochure for the in-town hotels and business establishments to provide to their guests and staff, containing interior pictures of our restaurant, menus and prices. Government Relations: There are several Government offices in the Barking and Dagenhan area. We will approach them to cater business luncheons and private functions. This will offer us higher visibility for future functions and community events. Word-of-mouth referral is very powerful and particularly amongst the business community. Private Functions: Target marketing to businesses for regular business lunch and dinner entertaining, and private functions. 5.1.7 Media Marketing Newspaper campaign: A much targeted media campaign to obtain featured articles about the restaurant in their Living, Entertainment and Dining segments. Notices of all live entertainment segments and special features will be posted to local newspapers’ calendar announcements. Restaurant and Special Events Website: We have contracted with local design teams to deliver a high-quality, navigable, constantly updated website. Billboard Advertisement: One month prior to the opening, distinct billboard ads will advertise the launch of the Restaurant. Inner Outer City Marketing: We will budget to attract customers from the suburbs. Sales Strategy We intend to succeed by giving our customers a combination of delicious and interesting food in an appealing environment, with excellent customer service, whether on their first visit or their hundredth. Our marketing strategies are designed to get critics and initial customers into our doors. Our sales strategies must take the next step and encourage customers to become repeat customers, and to tell all their friends and acquaintances about the great experiences they just had at African Second Kitchen. New restaurants often make one of two mistakes: they are unprepared or under prepared for opening, and initial poor service, speed, or quality discourages customers from returning, or they spend all of their efforts at opening, and are unable to maintain the initial quality customers expect on return visits, decreasing word of mouth advertising and leading to poor revenues. African Second Kitchen’s sales strategy requires consistently high quality food, service, speed, and atmosphere. We can accomplish this by: Hiring employees who genuinely enjoy their jobs and appreciate African Second Kitchen’s unique offerings Continually assessing the quality of all aspects mentioned above, and immediately addressing any problems Interacting with our customers personally, so they know that their feedback goes directly to the owners Evaluating food choices for popularity, and keeping favourites on the menu as we rotate seasonal foods and specials Sales Forecast 6 Design and Development 6.1 Service Development Stages 6.1.1 Milestones The following Milestones table lists important business milestones, with dates and managers in charge of each deliverable. The milestone schedule indicates our emphasis on planning and managing the details. 6.1.2 Web Plan Summary African Second Kitchen (ASK) will have a dedicated website. It will be the virtual business card and portfolio for the company, simple, contemporary and well designed. Our site will offer our menus, prices, reviews and happenings at ASK. We will also have a monthly Paparazzi Review about what did happen at ASK to get new customers interested in our restaurant. Our website will be used to try out new offers, starting with an on-line order feature for the Sunday Market Brunch, and expanding if the concept gains favour with our customers. A customer will be able to order a selection for pickup using a credit card. Selections will be based on our pre-packaged meals available during the Sunday Market Brunch. This is also a potential for customers needing catering. The website will include email capabilities and online reservations and special events scheduling. 7 Management and Operations 7.1 Management Summary The strength of our management staff positions us for success. We have assembled a team that embraces different disciplines, accomplished professionals with expertise in all areas of the business, including marketing and restaurant management. The owners, Ajetunmobi Ajayi (Managing Partner) and Paul Sangosanya (Executive Chef), have considerable experience in the restaurant industry. In Year 2, we will hire a General Manager to handle the day-to-day Restaurant management. This will assist African Second Kitchen to grow even further. You can’t build investor confidence based on what you will do, but you can inspire confidence based on what you have done. Attached is the portfolio of past success. This African Second Kitchen’s Management team has deep roots in the restaurant segment, and have the practical experience to make this venture another great success. 7.1.1 Management Team African Second Kitchen, with more than 48 years of experience between the key officers, understands the importance of a strong management team. The strength of our management staff positions us for success. Day to day operational management will be conducted by Ajetunmobi Ajayi and Paul Sangosanya, as hands on managers. They will be advice and supported by their Advisory Board. 7.1.2 African Second Kitchen’s Advisory Board Stephen Hollier of Hollier Collier Loewenthal: Corporate Attorney John Katz of SSG Financial Services: CPA Robert Shaefer of Shafer Hospitality Services: Restaurant Consultant Mary Zela of the Zela Group: Media Public Relations consultant 7.1.3 Ownership Management Together, Ajetunmobi Ajayi and Paul Sangosanya bring over 20 years of experience in the restaurant industry to their new joint venture. Ajetunmobi Ajayi: Managing Partner (Operations, Marketing, Financial and Business Development) Mr. Ajayi brings to African Second Kitchen an accomplished restaurant background, exceptional business acumen, and a lifetime passion for the restaurant experience. Ajayi has over 17 years of business management in the Information Technology industry. Like IT, successful ventures in the restaurant industry must balance capitalizing on new trends with continual quality assessment. Ajayi’s understanding of day-to-day cash flow planning and staff management will be critical to African Second Kitchen financial success. Mr. Ajayi has a background in International Business Management and Business Start-ups, and is certified in Restaurant and Hotel Management. As co-owner, Ajetunmobi Ajayi is responsible for overall direction and operational management. Mr. Ajayi is a strong business leader responsible for strategic planning and continued growth of restaurant services and business development. In addition, Ajayi will be the management lead for all public relations, financial and investor services. Degrees, Certifications, and Professional Affiliations: MBA in International Business Management B.S. in Computer Science Certified in Restaurant Hotel Management from Ryerson University PMP (Project Management Professional) certification Member of the Midtown Alliance Business partner member of the National Restaurant Association Paul Sangosanya: Managing Partner (Executive Chef and Restaurant Operations) Mr. Paul Sangosanya is an accomplished restaurateur, having owned several full-service restaurants. Mr. Sangosanya is responsible for the concept and the daily operations management, with yearly sales targets of ?5 million. In addition, Paul is the owner of Bauhaus Bar and Nightclub, and former owner of Myth Restaurant, Ouzeri, and Kapilyo Restaurant, all financial and critical successes. Mr. Sangosanya is also an international restaurant consultant for top international organizations. Mr. Sangosanya’s contracting responsibilities for African Second Kitchen included logistics, Site and Lease Negotiations, Concept Definition, Start-Up and Financial forecast, Menu and Operations Management, as well as Implementation and Launch Management. With a degree in Economics and an accomplished career, Mr. Sangosanya contributes the experience of his past successes, and is charged with leading the Restaurant Operations, Staff Selection, Menu Definition and Training initiatives for African Second Kitchen Restaurant Lounge. 7.2 Managing Partner Responsibilities In addition to the management of day to day operations, both managers, as principals within the company, will oversee menu development, purchasing, portioning, pricing and inventory control, including approval of all financial obligations of the company. They will plan, develop, and establish customer service policies and objectives, and write, explain, and enforce an employee’s manual for all employee-related policies. Responsibilities for hiring and firing employees lie solely with the two operations managers, and any decisions in these areas will be made jointly. They will: Manage working capital, including receivables, inventory, cash and marketable securities. Perform financial forecasting, including capital budgeting, cash flow analysis, pro forma financial statements, and external financing requirements. Prepare financial analyses of operations for guiding management, including reports which outline the company’s income, expenses, and earnings. Direct preparation of budgets and financial forecasts and arrange for audits of company’s accounts. 7.3 Personnel Plan We believe the personnel plan is in good proportion to the size of the restaurant and projected revenues. The staff will include 5 full-time employees and 2 part-time employees, who will work a total of 250 man-hours per week and generate an average monthly gross payroll of ?6,500 for the first year in business. The estimated gross annual payroll of ?132,000 (including Partner Salaries) is 25% of total sales. Wage salaries for service personnel (wait staff, busboys, and bartenders) do not include anticipated tips. Kitchen: The Executive Chef will be assisted by: An Assistant Chef from a national search (1) Prep cooks/dishwasher(1) People cleaning the restaurant (1) 7.4 Restaurant Operations: Ajetunmobi Ajayi will manage the Financial Management, Bookkeeping, PR/Media Advertising, and Investor Services. Ajetunmobi Ajayi will also manage the daily Restaurant Operations. Paul Sangosanya will be the Restaurant Manager. He will be primarily responsible for daily Restaurant Operations, taking care of Wait and Bar Staff. Paul will also take lead as the Executive Chef working with the Head Chef. To help Paul, he will have servers that will work as apprentices; they take care of service and make sure the restaurant is in excellent shape Full-time Servers(2) Servers that work as apprentice (2) Full-time apprentice bartender(1). Part-time bartender (1) Full-time apprentice busboy (2). Part-time busboy(1) Operating Criteria The restaurant will be located in Barking Town Centre. The restaurant will service lunch, dinner, and after-hours dining during the week and weekends. The restaurant will operate during peak service time to take advantage of street traffic, and after-hour patronage from the entertainment facilities in the area. Service will be available during the following hours: Lunch:Monday to Saturday, 11 a.m. – 2:30 p.m. Dinner: Monday to Saturday, 5:30 p.m. – 12 midnights Sundays – Market brunch takeout only. 7.5 Important Assumptions The financial plan depends on important assumptions, most of which are reflected in the financial statements that follow. We have been cautious with our projections, and incorporate mitigation for all manageable risks. The key underlying assumptions are: 7.5.1 Economy Slow Economic Recovery. We anticipate a slow-growth economy, recovering from an economic recession. 7.5.2 Business Growth Annual Growth Rate Percentage: We anticipate modest growth over the coming years. The financials account for the following growth projections: Year 2: 6% Year 4: 4% Year 3: 5% Year 5: 4% 7.5.3 Weekly Sales Variance Saturday will typically be our best sales for the week. The sales volume for all other days is represented as a percentage relative to Saturday. Therefore our weekly sales will vary as follows: Monday: 55% Thursday: 95% Tuesday: 60% Friday: 90% Wednesday: 75% Saturday: 100% 7.5.4 Seasonal Sales Variance In Barking, October through the late season is the most productive sales period, while the summer months tend to be the slowest restaurant period. This trend is reflected in the financials though a seasonal variance as follows (where October is targeted to be our most successful sales month): June: 70% October: 100%February: 95% July: 75%November: 95% March: 85% August: 80%December: 95% April: 90% September: 85%January: 85% May: 90% 7.5.5 Industry Start-Up Fiscal Year-1 Ramp-up: Our experience in the industry confirms a longer ramp-up stage for restaurants over other retail/service businesses. Our Annual Sales Growth is based on attaining the following seating capacity percentage per dining period: Year 1: After-Hours = 53%, Lunch = 70%, Dinner = 88% Year 2: After-Hours = 70%, Lunch = 82%, Dinner = 100% (implied wait period) Year 3: After-Hours = 80%, Lunch = 87%, Dinner = 100% (implied wait period) Six-Month Start-Up Stage: As a new restaurant entry to the Midtown market, the ramp-up in customer draw is expected to extend over 6 months. This is reflected in a higher than average monthly sales variance shown as follows (Worst-case / Expected-case): Month 1: 32% / 51% Month 4: 64% / 75% Month 2: 41% / 58% Month 5: 80% / 90% Month 3: 52% / 66% Month 6: 90% / 92% Market Analysis findings are static. We assume that there are no unforeseen changes in findings outlined in the Market Analysis. 7.6 Pricing Cost Control Competitive Pricing Model: Revenue calculations are based upon competitive price comparisons and established menu values in the current marketplace. The following are baseline assumptions on Average Check Totals, and Average Seat Turns: Daily average for lunch spending is ?5.50 per person, dinner at ?17.50 per person; and ?7.50 per person for After-Hours dining (All check totals include Beverages, but not bar). Seat Turn averages are modestly estimated at: Year 1: After-Hours = 0.7, Lunch = 1.0, Dinner = 1.0 Year 2: After-Hours = 0.7, Lunch = 1.0, Dinner = 1.0 Year 3: After-Hours = 1.0, Lunch = 1.0, Dinner = 1.25 Cost Control. Cost of goods sold have been calculated as a percentage of sales and will be monitored on a daily basis in order to keep Cost of Food within the range of 31 – 33%, Bar Costs within 28 – 31%, and Cost of Beverages (Non Alcohol) below 9%. With a focus on Cost Control, we anticipate 6 months to fine tune the restaurant operations and manage our costs within the defined tolerance range. Inventory turnover and Accounts Payable: Accounts receivable turnover is calculated to be 0 days, as payment is rendered with service. Inventory is turned on a 7 day cycle as inventory is used daily within all categories, and accounts payable are projected to be 30 days. 7.7 Risk Analysis/Mitigation How do we allow an adequate start-up period and capital to launch the concept and grow our customer base in a competitive sector Our financial plan is budgeted to support the Worst-Case business scenario. We addressed the financial risk as follows: We looked at our monthly break-even. We calculated worst-case monthly financial shortfall based on the ramp-up sales percentages outlined in our financial assumptions. We budgeted operational shortfall in an operational contingency budget that we will utilize if the need arises. How do we ensure we have addressed all resource gaps, and have the right industry knowledge Owners Ajetunmobi Ajayi and Paul Sangosanya have a combined 20 years of Restaurant Management, Operations and Business Management Experience. We will be recruiting a seasoned chef (national search) whose style is in accord with the Restaurant concept and our market segment. We will be offering an equity interest to our select Chef to maintain the industry knowledge. Our Accounting service will be contracted to a firm specializing in Restaurant accounting. The current Economic slowdown and recovery state was a key consideration in our restaurant concept. How do we manage a successful restaurant in current market conditions Our original effort was to open a restaurant twice the proposed size. As we are in the midst of an economic recovery, we have scaled back the size to reduce business overhead, start-up requirements, and business operating capital. Another risk mitigation strategy has been our overall Restaurant concept. We have the menu priced at a mid-tier level allowing budget dining in a distinguished restaurant. How do we confirm that our Funding Requirement is sufficient Paul Sangosanya has an extensive background in restaurant start-up. He is currently an International Consultant for various restaurant ventures, and we will use his expertise in past projects as a comparative basis. We have leveraged our membership with the National Restaurant Association to look at industry averages for this market segment for Restaurant start-up and Operations. Additionally, we included a contingency buffer in the financial estimates to account for any potential cost variance. We have worked with our Restaurant Consulting firm to validate our cost estimates to their industry knowledge. How do we know we have selected the right location for this concept Again we will draw on the Consulting group that has the expertise in site selection and lease negotiation. In all, there are no guarantees with location, but we took a very objective approach with our concept. Instead of going in with a predefined business concept, we let the Market Analysis define the need. Based on the results, the African Second Kitchen Restaurant concept was formed specific to Barking Town Centre. Site selection was based on space, visibility, and functionality; the city grant award confirmed our decision. What if there is an additional need for Business Capital after the Restaurant has exhausted its 6-month buffer Our intent is to be a self-sufficient business far in advance of the 6-month probation period. But as we are considering all contingencies, we have looked at this risk. We have accounted for an operational contingency budget that will be used to supplement any slow periods. Our next step would be to approach our private investors for capital by extending their return on investment. We would also look to the partners’ capital reserves as another source of funds. References Barrow, C., P. Barrow and Brow, R. (2005), The Business Plan Workbook (5th ed), London, United Kingdom, Kogan page Binks, M.R. and Ennew, C.T. (1997) the Relationship between UK Banks and their Small Business Customers, Small Business Economics, 9(2), 167-178 Mason, C., and Stark, M. (2004) what do Investors Look for in a Business PlanA comparison of the Investment Criteria of Bankers, Ventures Capitalists and Business Angels, International Small Business Journal, 22(3), 227-248 Reuvid, J., Millar, R. (2003) Start Run your own Business, London, United Kingdom, Kogan page Microsoft (2007) Business Plan Template, Microsoft Office 2007 Williams, S. (2010) Financial Times Guides: Business Start up 2010 (23rd ed), Pearson Education, Harlow Williams, S. (2009) Financial Times Guides: Business Start up 2009 (22nd ed), Pearson Education, Harlow Williams, S. (2008) Financial Times Guides: Business Start up 2008 (21st ed), Pearson Education, Harlow Williams, S. (2007) Financial Times Guides: Business Start up 2007 (20th ed), Pearson Education, Harlow Williams, S. (2006) Financial Times Guides: Business Start up 2006 (19th ed), Pearson Education, Harlow Williams, S. (2005) Financial Times Guides: Business Start up 2005 (18th ed), Pearson Education, Harlow How to cite Business Plan: African Second Kitchen, Essay examples